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  <div class="section" id="ceph">
<h1>Ceph 术语<a class="headerlink" href="#ceph" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Ceph 在迅速成长。随着企业对 Ceph 的采用，技术性的术语如 RADOS 、 RBD 、 RGW
等等需要对应的营销用语，用以解释各个组件是干什么的。
这个术语表里的术语是用以完善已有技术性术语的。</p>
<p>有时候，一个定义有不止一个术语。通常，
第一个术语反映的是 Ceph 的营销用语，
第二个术语反映的是技术性术语、或者引用 Ceph 系统的遗留方式。</p>
<dl class="glossary simple">
<dt id="term-Ceph-Project">Ceph Project<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Project" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph">Ceph 项目<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>关于 Ceph 的团队、软件、任务和基础架构的统称。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-cephx">cephx<a class="headerlink" href="#term-cephx" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的认证协议， Cephx 的运行机制类似 Kerberos ，但它没有单故障点。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-0">Ceph<a class="headerlink" href="#term-0" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-Platform">Ceph Platform<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Platform" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-1">Ceph 平台<a class="headerlink" href="#term-1" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>所有与 Ceph 相关的软件，包括所有位于 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ceph">https://github.com/ceph</a> 的源码。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-System">Ceph System<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-System" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-Stack">Ceph Stack<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Stack" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-2">Ceph 系统<a class="headerlink" href="#term-2" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-3">Ceph 软件栈<a class="headerlink" href="#term-3" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 之中两个或更多组件的组合。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Node">Ceph Node<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Node" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Node">Node<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Node" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Host">Host<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Host" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-4">Ceph 节点<a class="headerlink" href="#term-4" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-5">节点<a class="headerlink" href="#term-5" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-6">主机<a class="headerlink" href="#term-6" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 系统内的任意单体机器或服务器。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Storage-Cluster">Ceph Storage Cluster<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Storage-Cluster" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-Object-Store">Ceph Object Store<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Object-Store" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-RADOS">RADOS<a class="headerlink" href="#term-RADOS" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-RADOS-Cluster">RADOS Cluster<a class="headerlink" href="#term-RADOS-Cluster" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Reliable-Autonomic-Distributed-Object-Store">Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Reliable-Autonomic-Distributed-Object-Store" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-7">Ceph 存储集群<a class="headerlink" href="#term-7" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-8">Ceph 对象存储库<a class="headerlink" href="#term-8" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-9">RADOS 集群<a class="headerlink" href="#term-9" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-10">可靠自主的分布式对象存储库<a class="headerlink" href="#term-10" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>存储软件的核心部分，存储着用户的数据（ MON+OSD ）。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Cluster-Map">Ceph Cluster Map<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Cluster-Map" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Cluster-Map">Cluster Map<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Cluster-Map" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-11">Ceph 集群运行图<a class="headerlink" href="#term-11" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-12">集群运行图<a class="headerlink" href="#term-12" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一系列的运行图，包括监视器运行图、 OSD 运行图、 PG 图、 MDS 运行图和 CRUSH 图。详情见 <a class="reference external" href="../architecture#cluster-map">集群运行图</a> 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Object-Storage">Ceph Object Storage<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Object-Storage" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-13">Ceph 对象存储<a class="headerlink" href="#term-13" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>对象存储“产品”、服务或者能力，至少由 Ceph 存储集群和一个 Ceph 对象网关组成。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Object-Gateway">Ceph Object Gateway<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Object-Gateway" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-RADOS-Gateway">RADOS Gateway<a class="headerlink" href="#term-RADOS-Gateway" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-RGW">RGW<a class="headerlink" href="#term-RGW" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-14">Ceph 对象网关<a class="headerlink" href="#term-14" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-15">RADOS 网关<a class="headerlink" href="#term-15" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的 S3/Swift 网关组件。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Block-Device">Ceph Block Device<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Block-Device" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-RBD">RBD<a class="headerlink" href="#term-RBD" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-16">Ceph 块设备<a class="headerlink" href="#term-16" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的块存储组件。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Block-Storage">Ceph Block Storage<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Block-Storage" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-17">Ceph 块存储<a class="headerlink" href="#term-17" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>块存储“产品”、服务或者能力，可以配合使用的有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">librbd</span></code> 、
虚拟化管理程序如 QEMU 或 Xen 、和虚拟化管理程序的抽象层，如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libvirt</span></code> 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Filesystem">Ceph Filesystem<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Filesystem" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-CephFS">CephFS<a class="headerlink" href="#term-CephFS" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-FS">Ceph FS<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-FS" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-18">Ceph 文件系统<a class="headerlink" href="#term-18" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的组件之一，与 POSIX 兼容的文件系统。详情见
<a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/#arch-cephfs"><span class="std std-ref">CephFS 体系结构</span></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="../cephfs/#ceph-file-system"><span class="std std-ref">Ceph 文件系统</span></a> 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Cloud-Platforms">Cloud Platforms<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Cloud-Platforms" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Cloud-Stacks">Cloud Stacks<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Cloud-Stacks" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-19">云平台<a class="headerlink" href="#term-19" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-20">云软件栈<a class="headerlink" href="#term-20" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>第三方云服务平台，比如 OpenStack, CloudStack, OpenNebula, Proxmox VE 等等。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Object-Storage-Device">Object Storage Device<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Object-Storage-Device" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-OSD">OSD<a class="headerlink" href="#term-OSD" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-21">对象存储设备<a class="headerlink" href="#term-21" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一个物理的或逻辑的存储单元（如 LUN ）。有时候， Ceph 用户以术语 OSD 来引用
<a class="reference internal" href="#term-23"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph OSD 守护进程</span></a>，然而恰当的术语应该是 Ceph OSD 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-OSD-Daemon">Ceph OSD Daemon<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-OSD-Daemon" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-OSD-Daemons">Ceph OSD Daemons<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-OSD-Daemons" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-OSD">Ceph OSD<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-OSD" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-22">Ceph 对象存储守护进程<a class="headerlink" href="#term-22" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-23">Ceph OSD 守护进程<a class="headerlink" href="#term-23" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的 OSD 软件，它与逻辑磁盘（ <a class="reference internal" href="#term-OSD"><span class="xref std std-term">OSD</span></a> ）交互。有时候，
Ceph 用户们用 “OSD” 这个术语来指代 “Ceph OSD Daemon”，
然而正确的术语是 “Ceph OSD”。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-OSD-id">OSD id<a class="headerlink" href="#term-OSD-id" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>定义一个 OSD 的整数。它是在新建 OSD 期间由监视器们生成的。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-OSD-fsid">OSD fsid<a class="headerlink" href="#term-OSD-fsid" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>这是一个唯一的标识符，用以提高一个 OSD 的唯一性，它位于 OSD 路径内、
一个名为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">osd_fsid</span></code> 的文件里。这个 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fsid</span></code> 可以和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code> 互换着用。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-OSD-uuid">OSD uuid<a class="headerlink" href="#term-OSD-uuid" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>就像 OSD fsid ，这是 OSD 的唯一标识符，并且可以和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fsid</span></code> 互换着用。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-bluestore">bluestore<a class="headerlink" href="#term-bluestore" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>OSD BlueStore 是 OSD 守护进程的一个新后端（ kraken 及其后续版本）。
不像 <a class="reference internal" href="#term-filestore"><span class="xref std std-term">filestore</span></a> ，它是直接在给 Ceph 使用的块设备上存储对象的，
不需要任何文件系统接口。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-filestore">filestore<a class="headerlink" href="#term-filestore" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>OSD 守护进程的一个后端，它需要日志、且文件是写入文件系统的。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Monitor">Ceph Monitor<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Monitor" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-MON">MON<a class="headerlink" href="#term-MON" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-24">Ceph 监视器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-24" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-25">监视器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-25" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的监视器软件。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Manager">Ceph Manager<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Manager" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-MGR">MGR<a class="headerlink" href="#term-MGR" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-26">Ceph 管理器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-26" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-27">管理器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-27" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 管理器软件，它会把整个集群的所有状态信息收集到一起。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Manager-Dashboard">Ceph Manager Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Manager-Dashboard" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-Dashboard">Ceph Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Dashboard" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Dashboard-Module">Dashboard Module<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Dashboard-Module" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Dashboard-Plugin">Dashboard Plugin<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Dashboard-Plugin" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Dashboard">Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Dashboard" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-28">Ceph 管理器仪表盘<a class="headerlink" href="#term-28" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-29">Ceph 仪表盘<a class="headerlink" href="#term-29" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-30">仪表盘模块<a class="headerlink" href="#term-30" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-31">仪表盘插件<a class="headerlink" href="#term-31" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-32">仪表盘<a class="headerlink" href="#term-32" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一个内建的、基于网页的 Ceph 管理和监控应用程序，可用于管理集群的各方面以及对象。
仪表盘是以一个 Ceph 管理器模块实现的。详情见 <a class="reference internal" href="../mgr/dashboard/#mgr-dashboard"><span class="std std-ref">Ceph 仪表盘</span></a> 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Metadata-Server">Ceph Metadata Server<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Metadata-Server" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-MDS">MDS<a class="headerlink" href="#term-MDS" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-33">Ceph 元数据服务器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-33" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-34">元数据服务器<a class="headerlink" href="#term-34" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的元数据软件。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Clients">Ceph Clients<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Clients" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Ceph-Client">Ceph Client<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Client" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-35">Ceph 客户端<a class="headerlink" href="#term-35" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一组能够访问 Ceph 存储集群的 Ceph 组件，其中包括 Ceph 对象网关、
Ceph 块设备、 Ceph 文件系统、及其对应的库、内核模块和 FUSE 。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Kernel-Modules">Ceph Kernel Modules<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Kernel-Modules" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-36">Ceph 内核模块<a class="headerlink" href="#term-36" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一组能够成功和 Ceph 系统交互的内核模块（比如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph.ko</span></code> 、 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rbd.ko</span></code> ）。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Client-Libraries">Ceph Client Libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Client-Libraries" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-37">Ceph 客户端库<a class="headerlink" href="#term-37" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一组能够成功和相应 Ceph 组件交互的库。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Release">Ceph Release<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Release" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-38">Ceph 发布<a class="headerlink" href="#term-38" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>任何用不同数字编号的 Ceph 版本。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Point-Release">Ceph Point Release<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Point-Release" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-39">Ceph 修正版<a class="headerlink" href="#term-39" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-40">Ceph 小版本<a class="headerlink" href="#term-40" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>所有只包含缺陷或安全修正的特殊版本。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Interim-Release">Ceph Interim Release<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Interim-Release" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-41">Ceph 临时发布<a class="headerlink" href="#term-41" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>尚未通过质检测试、但包含新功能的 Ceph 版本。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Release-Candidate">Ceph Release Candidate<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Release-Candidate" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-42">Ceph 预发布<a class="headerlink" href="#term-42" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的一个主要版本，通过了基本的质检测试、并能够交付给普通测试者。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Stable-Release">Ceph Stable Release<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Stable-Release" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-43">Ceph 稳定版<a class="headerlink" href="#term-43" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Ceph 的一个主要版本，前面临时版本的所有功能都成功通过了质检测试。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Ceph-Test-Framework">Ceph Test Framework<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Ceph-Test-Framework" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Teuthology">Teuthology<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Teuthology" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-44">Ceph 测试框架<a class="headerlink" href="#term-44" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-45">测试方法学<a class="headerlink" href="#term-45" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>对 Ceph 进行脚本化测试的一系列软件。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-CRUSH">CRUSH<a class="headerlink" href="#term-CRUSH" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing ，可伸缩哈希控制的复制。
它是 Ceph 用以计算对象存储位置的算法。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-CRUSH-rule">CRUSH rule<a class="headerlink" href="#term-CRUSH-rule" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-46">CRUSH 规则<a class="headerlink" href="#term-46" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>应用到某个特定存储池（们）的 CRUSH 数据归置规则。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Pool">Pool<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Pool" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-Pools">Pools<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Pools" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-47">存储池<a class="headerlink" href="#term-47" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>池是对象存储的逻辑部分。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-systemd-oneshot">systemd oneshot<a class="headerlink" href="#term-systemd-oneshot" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>一种 systemd 类型 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code> ，用于确定 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecStart</span></code> 的命令完成后是否退出
（不想把它作为守护进程）。</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-LVM-tags">LVM tags<a class="headerlink" href="#term-LVM-tags" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dt id="term-LVM">LVM 标签<a class="headerlink" href="#term-LVM" title="Permalink to this term">¶</a></dt><dd><p>LVM 卷和组的可扩展元数据，我们用它来存储 Ceph 相关的信息，
如各设备、以及它们与 OSD 的关系。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
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